Infectious diseases
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular bacterium responsible for one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections, linked to urethritis, cervicitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, and trachoma.
Available controls:
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease with multiple stages that may result in systemic damage if untreated.
Available controls:
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV is a DNA virus that infects epithelial tissues, causing common and genital warts as well as cervical precancerous lesions linked to high-risk genotypes.
Available controls:
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite that commonly affects women, leading to abnormal discharge, irritation, and genital discomfort.
Available controls:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for gonorrhea, a common STI that can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility if untreated.
Available controls:
Gardnerella vaginalis
Gardnerella vaginalis is associated with bacterial vaginosis, a condition resulting from an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, linked to increased risk of STIs and obstetric complications.
Available controls:
Atopobium vaginae
Atopobium vaginae is frequently found in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common vaginal infection. It can cause symptoms like discharge, irritation, or odor, though many cases are asymptomatic. Diagnosis is more reliable using molecular techniques like multiplex PCR.
Chagas Disease
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite mainly transmitted by triatomine insects in Latin America. It can also spread via blood transfusion, congenital transmission, or lab exposure.
Available controls:
Dengue
Dengue virus is mosquito-borne (Aedes spp.) and among the fastest-spreading viral diseases worldwide, with millions of cases yearly in tropical and subtropical regions.
Available controls:
Zika Virus
El virus Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes that may cause mild symptoms, but can also lead to neurological issues and congenital microcephaly in newborns.
Available controls:
West Nile Virus
West Nile virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that may cause mild illness or serious neuroinvasive disease in humans. It has a wide global distribution.
Available controls:
Toscana Virus (TOSV)
Toscana virus is a Phlebovirus transmitted by sandflies, associated with seasonal viral meningitis in Mediterranean countries of southern Europe.
Available controls:
Measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral illness primarily affecting children. Despite widespread vaccination, outbreaks continue to appear, especially in under-immunized populations. Severe complications include encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Available controls:
Mumps
The mumps virus causes swelling of the parotid salivary glands and is a leading cause of aseptic meningitis. It can also result in complications like orchitis, pancreatitis, or ovarian inflammation.
Available controls:
Varicella-Zoster Virus
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) is a herpesvirus responsible for chickenpox and shingles. After primary infection, the virus remains dormant in the body and may reactivate later in life.
Available controls:
Candida Albicans
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast that can cause anything from superficial infections to severe invasive candidiasis, especially in immunocompromised patients. It commonly colonizes the skin, vagina, and gastrointestinal tract.
Available controls:
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus fumigatus is an airborne fungus capable of triggering respiratory conditions ranging from allergic reactions to invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts. It is widespread in the environment.
Available controls:
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus that causes severe pneumonia (PcP) in immunocompromised patients. It cannot be cultured and is diagnosed using molecular or immunofluorescence-based techniques.
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori is a stomach-infecting bacterium linked to gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and increased risk of gastric cancer. It is more common in developing countries.
Available controls:
Clostridioides difficile
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium behind tuberculosis, a contagious airborne disease that primarily targets the lungs but can also affect other organs.
Available controls:
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen that causes atypical pneumonia, especially in older adults. These infections are typically mild but may still have clinical significance.
Available controls:
Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis that may present with fever, atypical pneumonia, hepatitis, or endocarditis. Serological diagnosis, especially phase I and II differentiation, is crucial to distinguish acute from chronic infections.
Available controls:
Legionella pneumophila
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative bacterium found in warm water environments. It is the leading cause of Legionnaires' disease and accounts for up to 10% of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonias.
Available controls:
Bordetella
Whooping cough is caused by Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis. It is a highly contagious respiratory infection that primarily affects unvaccinated children and spreads through direct contact with respiratory secretions.
Available controls:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a cell wall-lacking bacterium that causes atypical pneumonia, especially in adolescents and young adults. It is responsible for up to 20% of community-acquired pneumonia cases.
Available controls:
Adenovirus
Adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that cause respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis. They are highly stable and can survive outside the body for extended periods.
Available controls:
Influenza virus
The influenza virus, responsible for flu, is classified into types A, B, and C and shows high genetic variability. It causes seasonal outbreaks and pandemics, such as H1N1 or H5N1 strains.
Available controls:
Respiratory syncytial virus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 2 years, especially during winter outbreaks. It is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus with helical symmetry.
Available controls:
Parainfluenza virus
Parainfluenza viruses (PIV) cause respiratory infections in children such as croup, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Serotype 3 is the second leading cause of pneumonia in infants after RSV.
Available controls:
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. It spreads primarily through respiratory droplets and shares high genetic homology with SARS-CoV.
Available controls:
Metapneumovirus
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes mostly mild respiratory infections, but can lead to severe pneumonia in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
Available controls:
Acanthamoeba castellanii
Acanthamoeba castellanii is a free-living amoeba that can cause severe keratitis in contact lens users and brain infections in immunocompromised individuals.
Available controls:
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis, or meningococcus, is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis. It spreads via respiratory droplets in close-contact environments and can lead to severe complications or death.
Available controls:
Enterovirus
Enteroviruses, part of the Picornaviridae family, are small, non-enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses. They cause illnesses ranging from asymptomatic infections to aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and poliomyelitis. Transmission is fecal-oral or respiratory, mainly affecting children.
Available controls:
Parechovirus
Human parechoviruses (HPeV), from the Picornaviridae family, are small RNA viruses that can cause fever without source, clinical sepsis, meningitis, or encephalitis, mostly in infants.
Available controls:
Epstein-Barr
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), part of the Herpesviridae family, causes infectious mononucleosis and is linked to some cancers. It is one of the most common viruses worldwide.
Available controls:
Herpes Simplex Virus
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), types 1 and 2, is widely prevalent. HSV-1 typically causes oral and ocular infections, while HSV-2 is associated with genital and neonatal infections.
Available controls:
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and fetuses. Transmission occurs via contaminated meat, cat feces, or congenitally.
Available controls:
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus capable of latency after primary infection. It is a major cause of congenital infections and disease in immunocompromised individuals.
Available controls:
Brucella
Brucellosis (Malta Fever) is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp., transmitted to humans through unpasteurized dairy, direct animal contact, or infected aerosols. It can become chronic and persist for years.
Available controls:
Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis that may present with fever, atypical pneumonia, hepatitis, or endocarditis. Serological diagnosis, especially phase I and II differentiation, is crucial to distinguish acute from chronic infections.
Available controls:
Borrelia
Borrelia spp. are motile spirochetes causing Lyme disease. B. burgdorferi sensu lato includes pathogenic species such as B. burgdorferi s.s., B. afzelii, and B. garinii, all found in Europe.
Available controls:
Francisella tularensis
Francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is a highly infectious bacterium transmitted through contact with wild animals, contaminated water, arthropod bites, or aerosol inhalation. Human-to-human transmission does not occur.
Available controls:
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus granulosus is a parasite that causes hydatid disease, leading to cyst formation in organs like the liver and lungs. Symptoms usually appear when cysts grow large and depend on their location
Monkeypox virus
Monkeypox virus is a double-stranded DNA virus with an envelope, from the Orthopoxvirus genus. It is zoonotic, transmitted from rodents or primates to humans, with two main clades: West African and Central African.
Available controls:
Hepatitis Delta
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) to replicate. It can worsen existing HBV infections and lead to chronic disease with symptoms resembling hepatitis B.
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route or through contaminated food. It poses a particular risk to immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, and is increasingly recognized in clinical settings.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular bacterium responsible for one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections, linked to urethritis, cervicitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, and trachoma.
Available controls:
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)
Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease with multiple stages that may result in systemic damage if untreated.
Available controls:
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV is a DNA virus that infects epithelial tissues, causing common and genital warts as well as cervical precancerous lesions linked to high-risk genotypes.
Available controls:
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite that commonly affects women, leading to abnormal discharge, irritation, and genital discomfort.
Available controls:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for gonorrhea, a common STI that can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility if untreated.
Available controls:
Gardnerella vaginalis
Gardnerella vaginalis is associated with bacterial vaginosis, a condition resulting from an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota, linked to increased risk of STIs and obstetric complications.
Available controls:
Atopobium vaginae
Atopobium vaginae is frequently found in women with bacterial vaginosis (BV), a common vaginal infection. It can cause symptoms like discharge, irritation, or odor, though many cases are asymptomatic. Diagnosis is more reliable using molecular techniques like multiplex PCR.
Chagas Disease
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite mainly transmitted by triatomine insects in Latin America. It can also spread via blood transfusion, congenital transmission, or lab exposure.
Available controls:
Dengue
Dengue virus is mosquito-borne (Aedes spp.) and among the fastest-spreading viral diseases worldwide, with millions of cases yearly in tropical and subtropical regions.
Available controls:
Zika Virus
El virus Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes that may cause mild symptoms, but can also lead to neurological issues and congenital microcephaly in newborns.
Available controls:
West Nile Virus
West Nile virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that may cause mild illness or serious neuroinvasive disease in humans. It has a wide global distribution.
Available controls:
Toscana Virus (TOSV)
Toscana virus is a Phlebovirus transmitted by sandflies, associated with seasonal viral meningitis in Mediterranean countries of southern Europe.
Available controls:
Measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral illness primarily affecting children. Despite widespread vaccination, outbreaks continue to appear, especially in under-immunized populations. Severe complications include encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Available controls:
Mumps
The mumps virus causes swelling of the parotid salivary glands and is a leading cause of aseptic meningitis. It can also result in complications like orchitis, pancreatitis, or ovarian inflammation.
Available controls:
Varicella-Zoster Virus
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) is a herpesvirus responsible for chickenpox and shingles. After primary infection, the virus remains dormant in the body and may reactivate later in life.
Available controls:
Candida Albicans
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast that can cause anything from superficial infections to severe invasive candidiasis, especially in immunocompromised patients. It commonly colonizes the skin, vagina, and gastrointestinal tract.
Available controls:
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus fumigatus is an airborne fungus capable of triggering respiratory conditions ranging from allergic reactions to invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts. It is widespread in the environment.
Available controls:
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus that causes severe pneumonia (PcP) in immunocompromised patients. It cannot be cultured and is diagnosed using molecular or immunofluorescence-based techniques.
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori is a stomach-infecting bacterium linked to gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and increased risk of gastric cancer. It is more common in developing countries.
Available controls:
Clostridioides difficile
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium behind tuberculosis, a contagious airborne disease that primarily targets the lungs but can also affect other organs.
Available controls:
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen that causes atypical pneumonia, especially in older adults. These infections are typically mild but may still have clinical significance.
Available controls:
Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis that may present with fever, atypical pneumonia, hepatitis, or endocarditis. Serological diagnosis, especially phase I and II differentiation, is crucial to distinguish acute from chronic infections.
Available controls:
Legionella pneumophila
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative bacterium found in warm water environments. It is the leading cause of Legionnaires' disease and accounts for up to 10% of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonias.
Available controls:
Bordetella
Whooping cough is caused by Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis. It is a highly contagious respiratory infection that primarily affects unvaccinated children and spreads through direct contact with respiratory secretions.
Available controls:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a cell wall-lacking bacterium that causes atypical pneumonia, especially in adolescents and young adults. It is responsible for up to 20% of community-acquired pneumonia cases.
Available controls:
Adenovirus
Adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that cause respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis. They are highly stable and can survive outside the body for extended periods.
Available controls:
Influenza virus
The influenza virus, responsible for flu, is classified into types A, B, and C and shows high genetic variability. It causes seasonal outbreaks and pandemics, such as H1N1 or H5N1 strains.
Available controls:
Respiratory syncytial virus
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 2 years, especially during winter outbreaks. It is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus with helical symmetry.
Available controls:
Parainfluenza virus
Parainfluenza viruses (PIV) cause respiratory infections in children such as croup, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Serotype 3 is the second leading cause of pneumonia in infants after RSV.
Available controls:
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. It spreads primarily through respiratory droplets and shares high genetic homology with SARS-CoV.
Available controls:
Metapneumovirus
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes mostly mild respiratory infections, but can lead to severe pneumonia in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
Available controls:
Acanthamoeba castellanii
Acanthamoeba castellanii is a free-living amoeba that can cause severe keratitis in contact lens users and brain infections in immunocompromised individuals.
Available controls:
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis, or meningococcus, is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis. It spreads via respiratory droplets in close-contact environments and can lead to severe complications or death.
Available controls:
Enterovirus
Enteroviruses, part of the Picornaviridae family, are small, non-enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses. They cause illnesses ranging from asymptomatic infections to aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and poliomyelitis. Transmission is fecal-oral or respiratory, mainly affecting children.
Available controls:
Parechovirus
Human parechoviruses (HPeV), from the Picornaviridae family, are small RNA viruses that can cause fever without source, clinical sepsis, meningitis, or encephalitis, mostly in infants.
Available controls:
Epstein-Barr
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), part of the Herpesviridae family, causes infectious mononucleosis and is linked to some cancers. It is one of the most common viruses worldwide.
Available controls:
Herpes Simplex Virus
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), types 1 and 2, is widely prevalent. HSV-1 typically causes oral and ocular infections, while HSV-2 is associated with genital and neonatal infections.
Available controls:
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals and fetuses. Transmission occurs via contaminated meat, cat feces, or congenitally.
Available controls:
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus capable of latency after primary infection. It is a major cause of congenital infections and disease in immunocompromised individuals.
Available controls:
Brucella
Brucellosis (Malta Fever) is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp., transmitted to humans through unpasteurized dairy, direct animal contact, or infected aerosols. It can become chronic and persist for years.
Available controls:
Coxiella burnetii
Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis that may present with fever, atypical pneumonia, hepatitis, or endocarditis. Serological diagnosis, especially phase I and II differentiation, is crucial to distinguish acute from chronic infections.
Available controls:
Borrelia
Borrelia spp. are motile spirochetes causing Lyme disease. B. burgdorferi sensu lato includes pathogenic species such as B. burgdorferi s.s., B. afzelii, and B. garinii, all found in Europe.
Available controls:
Francisella tularensis
Francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is a highly infectious bacterium transmitted through contact with wild animals, contaminated water, arthropod bites, or aerosol inhalation. Human-to-human transmission does not occur.
Available controls:
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus granulosus is a parasite that causes hydatid disease, leading to cyst formation in organs like the liver and lungs. Symptoms usually appear when cysts grow large and depend on their location
Monkeypox virus
Monkeypox virus is a double-stranded DNA virus with an envelope, from the Orthopoxvirus genus. It is zoonotic, transmitted from rodents or primates to humans, with two main clades: West African and Central African.
Available controls:
Hepatitis Delta
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) to replicate. It can worsen existing HBV infections and lead to chronic disease with symptoms resembling hepatitis B.
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route or through contaminated food. It poses a particular risk to immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women, and is increasingly recognized in clinical settings.